Tuesday, 24 September 2013


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Maggie McGrath
Maggie McGrath, Forbes Staff
I cover market news and personal finance for millennials.
Investing
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9/23/2013 @ 9:23AM |10,671 views

11 Money Lessons From 'Breaking Bad,' 'Modern Family' And Other Emmy Favorites

Host Neil Patrick Harris may have said it best in his introduction to the 65th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards: “I love television, because it’s more than entertainment; it’s education!” Surprising, but true: there are money lessons to be had from best drama series winner Breaking Bad, best comedy series Modern Family and other small screen favorites.
Arthur Keown, a finance professor at Virginia Tech and author of Personal Finance: Turning Money Into Wealth, even uses television examples in his classes. “It’s everywhere,” he said. “If you think about it, a lot of the predicaments that people get into (on TV) are financial, and there probably isn’t anything you could write about on television that someone hasn’t gotten into trouble with [in real life].”
Of course, not every character in every situation is worth emulating – here’s looking at you, Walter White – but primetime television is surprisingly rife with practical advice, if you look hard enough. Here are some of the best financial DO’s and DON’Ts from Emmy heavyweights. (And, oh: potential spoiler alerts ahead.)
DO put your money in a place where it will grow. Beyond the obvious fact that cooking meth is illegal, Breaking Bad’s Walter White provides lots of fodder for what not to do lessons. “There’s a lot of examples [in the show] in terms of how he mismanages his money,” said Cary Siegel, author of “Why Didn’t They Teach Me This In School?”
One of Walter White’s biggest financial offenses, Siegel said, is storing his massive fortune in barrels in the desert, rather than putting his money to work in the stock market or at least in a bank. “He’ll literally make hundreds of thousands of dollars and… none of it earns any interest. There’s nothing he puts his money in that earns him any more,” he said. Just think: that $80 million, invested in the market and assuming a return of 6%, could have grown to $84.8 million in just one year. (Of course, if White had put his meth profits in a brokerage or bank account, it might also have earned him the attention of the feds after the financial institution filed a currency transaction report or a suspicious activity report.)
DO protect your money. It’s also worth noting that White’s barrels weren’t protected by either the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as bank deposits are, or the Securities Investor Protection Corp. (SIPC), as brokerage accounts are. This means that when Uncle Jack raided White’s $80 million stockpile, not only could no one stop him, but White didn’t even get the luxury of the $250,000 FDIC insurance that all bank depositors are afforded or the $500,000 SIPC protection for brokerage customers. (Note that the SIPC doesn’t protect you against losing money in the stock market, but does protect if a broker-dealer handling your money goes under and takes your money with it.)
DON’T just buy your kids whatever they want. If anything good can be said of Walter White, it’s that everything he does, he does (or at least says he does) for his family. Unfortunately, this has meant he’s set a rather poor financial example for his son, Walt Jr.
“He goes off and buys his son a new car. That’s a bad lesson in how you teach your children to manage money. You just don’t get them things,” Siegel said, in a reference the sports car that White bought for Junior once he came into his fortune. And he didn’t just buy Junior one car – later in the series, he purchased a second sports car for his son. (It’s worth noting that, in a literal example of burning through your money, White blew up the first sports car in order to make a point to wife Skyler.)
“My kids are not going to get a nice car from me; they’ll all use a car together,” Siegel said. “When they can afford one, they’ll realize the value of saving money.”
DO save regularly. In season three of Modern Family, it is revealed that Luke, the youngest son in the Dunphy family, has been skimming money off his parents and slowly saving it over the years — and has more money saved than either of his older siblings. While Luke’s methods might be questionable, saving at least 10% of every paycheck is the fastest way to financial security.
DON’T invest all your money in one company or industry—diversify. Robert Crawley, Downton Abbey’s Earl of Grantham, learned this lesson the hard way after investing the entirety of the family fortune in a Canadian railway that went belly-up in relatively short order. What he should have done instead: spread his money across a variety of industries and companies in order to protect his money from disappearing when one company went bankrupt.
“It was a dominant theme for a couple of episodes on one of the most popular dramas on TV. It was very rare that you saw that kind of a storyline carefully and extensively depicted,” said Ric Edelman, chairman and CEO of Edelman Financial Services. “It was a great example of diversification.”
However, Edelman noted that the show could have been a bit clearer with the lesson. “Unfortunately, if you weren’t familiar with diversification, you wouldn’t draw the lesson. Instead what the show said: these are the dangers of investing in stock,” he said. “[I]t’s not that stock investing is bad, it’s that over-concentration is bad.”
DO coupon. Mel Brooks won an Emmy for his portrayal of Crazy Uncle Phil in Mad About You, and one of Uncle Phil’s shining moments was a hilarious encounter with coupons. He found a bunch – probably a few too many – and wanted to use them to save money. While his intent was good, Joanie Demer, one of the founders of thekrazycouponlady.com, says that in practice, you don’t have to coupon quite like Uncle Phil.



“Moderate and organize,” Demer said. “Don’t be super crazy and don’t go for a $200 shopping spree. Cap off how much time you’ll spend [clipping coupons]. Give yourself five minutes a week and you can save 20 bucks. That’s a pretty good dividend.”
DON’T rely on an inheritance from your parents. 2 Broke Girls’ Caroline made this mistake, and after her Bernie Madoff-like father had his fortune seized, she found herself serving burgers at a diner in Brooklyn. She’s not alone: a recent Interest.com report found that 27% of adults under the age of 60 expect to receive an inheritance, with 49% of the future heirs expecting to inherit $100,000 or more. Do yourself a favor: if you’re a part of the 27%, adjust your expectations. Your aging parents may have to use their money to fund long-term care costs, not an inheritance stockpile.
DO negotiate your salary. In season three of The Good Wife, Alicia finds herself in want of a higher salary. Rather than sitting quietly and expecting her bosses to read her mind, she approaches the senior partners about the possibility of getting a raise. While she doesn’t get as much as she wants – nor enough to put a down payment on her dream home, a secondary but equally important lesson in living within your means – named partner Diane does offer a small stipend as “a demonstration of our confidence.”
DON’T spend too much money on an engagement ring. The Office’s Michael Scott thought three years’ worth of salary was what to save (and spend) on an engagement ring; conventional wisdom typically suggests just three months’ worth of savings is all you need.
DON’T play credit card roulette. In an episode of The King of Queens, wife Carrie decides she needs a dress – but she doesn’t have the money. So she charges the clothes to one card, uses a second credit card to pay off the first credit card, and eventually gets stuck in a vicious cycle. “She ultimately got trapped,” Edelman explained. “It collapsed all over her and it was a funny but an accurate portrayal of what people do with credit card juggling.”
DON’T take on more student debt than you can pay off. Virginia Tech professor Keown uses Marshall from How I Met Your Mother as an example of why you should be careful about how much student debt  you take on, and why it’s important to consider what your salary will be upon graduating. “A law degree with student debt: does Marshall take the low-paying dream job or high-paying evil job?” Keown asks. Trapped by his debt, Marshall had no choice: he had to take the soul-sucking, corporate law position. Which was not so legen – wait for it – dary.

Monday, 16 September 2013

How Funding Works – Splitting The Equity Pie With Investors

A hypothetical startup will get about $15,000 from family and friends, about $200,000 from an angel investor three months later, and about $2 Million from a VC another six months later. If all goes well. See how funding works in this infographic:
how funding works splitting the equity infographic
First, let’s figure out why we are talking about funding as something you need to do. This is not a given. The opposite of funding is “bootstrapping,” the process of funding a startup through your own savings. There are a few companies that bootstrapped for a while until taking investment, like MailChimp and AirBnB.
If you know the basics of how funding works, skim to the end. In this article I am giving the easiest to understand explanation of the process. Let’s start with the basics.
Every time you get funding, you give up a piece of your company. The more funding you get, the more company you give up. That ‘piece of company’ is ‘equity.’ Everyone you give it to becomes a co-owner of your company.

Splitting the Pie

The basic idea behind equity is the splitting of a pie. When you start something, your pie is really small. You have a 100% of a really small, bite-size pie. When you take outside investment and your company grows, your pie becomes bigger. Your slice of the bigger pie will be bigger than your initial bite-size pie.
When Google went public, Larry and Sergey had about 15% of the pie, each. But that 15% was a small slice of a really big pie.

Funding Stages

Let’s look at how a hypothetical startup would get funding.

Idea stage

At first it is just you. You are pretty brilliant, and out of the many ideas you have had, you finally decide that this is the one. You start working on it. The moment you started working, you started creating value. That value will translate into equity later, but since you own 100% of it now, and you are the only person in your still unregistered company, you are not even thinking about equity yet.

Co-Founder Stage

 As you start to transform your idea into a physical prototype you realize that it is taking you longer (it almost always does.) You know you could really use another person’s skills. So you look for a co-founder. You find someone who is both enthusiastic and smart. You work together for a couple of days on your idea, and you see that she is adding a lot of value. So you offer them to become a co-founder. But you can’t pay her any money (and if you could, she would become an employee, not a co-founder), so you offer equity in exchange for work (sweat equity.) But how much should you give? 20% – too little? 40%? After all it is YOUR idea that even made this startup happen. But then you realize that your startup is worth practically nothing at this point, and your co-founder is taking a huge risk on it. You also realize that since she will do half of the work, she should get the same as you – 50%. Otherwise, she might be less motivated than you. A true partnership is based on respect. Respect is based on fairness. Anything less than fairness will fall apart eventually. And you want this thing to last. So you give your co-founder 50%.
Soon you realize that the two of you have been eating Ramen noodles three times a day. You need funding. You would prefer to go straight to a VC, but so far you don’t think you have enough of a working product to show, so you start looking at other options.
The Family and Friends Round: You think of putting an ad in the newspaper saying, “Startup investment opportunity.” But your lawyer friend tells you that would violate securities laws. Now you are a “private company,” and asking for money from “the public,” that is people you don’t know would be a “public solicitation,” which is illegal for private companies. So who can you take money from?
  1. Accredited investors – People who either have $1 Million in the bank or make $200,000 annually. They are the “sophisticated investors” – that is people who the government thinks are smart enough to decide whether to invest in an ultra-risky company, like yours. What if you don’t know anyone with $1 Million? You are in luck, because there is an exception – friends and family.
  2. Family and Friends – Even if your family and friends are not as rich as an investor,  you can still accept their cash. That is what you decide to do, since your co-founder has a rich uncle. You give him 5% of the company in exchange for $15,000 cash. Now you can afford room and ramen for another 6 months while building your prototype.

Registering the Company

To give uncle the 5%, you registered the company, either though an online service like LegalZoom ($400), or through a lawyer friend (0$-$2,000). You issued some common stock, gave 5% to uncle and set aside 20% for your future employees – that is the ‘option pool.’ (You did this because 1. Future investors will want an option pool;, 2. That stock is safe from you and your co-founders doing anything with it.)

The Angel Round

 With uncle’s cash in pocket and 6 months before it runs out, you realize that you need to start looking for your next funding source right now. If you run out of money, your startup dies. So you look at the options:
  1. Incubators, accelerators, and “excubators” – these places often provide cash, working space, and advisors. The cash is tight – about $25,000 (for 5 to 10% of the company.) Some advisors are better than cash, like Paul Graham at Y Combinator.
  2. Angels – in 2013 (Q1) the average angel round was $600,000 (from the HALO report). That’s the good news. The bad news is that angels were giving that money to companies that they valued at $2.5 million. So, now you have to ask if you are worth $2.5 million. How do you know? Make your best case.  Let’s say it is still early days for you, and your working prototype is not that far along. You find an angel who looks at what you have and thinks that it is worth $1 million. He agrees to invest $200,000.
Now let’s count what percentage of the company you will give to the angel. Not 20%. We have to add the ‘pre-money valuation’ (how much the company is worth before new money comes in) and the investment
$1,000,000 + $200,000=              $1,200,000  post-money valuation
(Think of it like this, first you take the money, then you give the shares. If you gave the shares before you added the angel’s investment, you would be dividing what was there before the angel joined. )
Now divide the investment by the post-money valuation $200,000/$1,200,000=1/6= 16.7%
The angel gets 16.7% of the company, or 1/6.

How Funding Works - Cutting the Pie

What about you, your co-founder and uncle? How much do you have left? All of your stakes will be diluted by 1/6. (See the infographic.)
Is dilution bad? No, because your pie is getting bigger with each investment. But, yes, dilution is bad, because you are losing control of your company. So what should you do? Take investment only when it is necessary. Only take money from people you respect. (There are other ways, like buying shares back from employees or the public, but that is further down the road.)

Venture Capital Round

Finally, you have built your first version and you have traction with users. You approach VCs. How much can VCs give you?   They invest north of $500,000. Let’s say the VC values what you have now at $4 million. Again, that is your pre-money valuation. He says he wants to invest $2 Million. The math is the same as in the angel round. The VC gets 33.3% of your company. Now it’s his company, too, though.
Your first VC round is your series A. Now you can go on to have series B,C – at some point either of the three things will happen to you. Either you will run out of funding and no one will want to invest, so you die. Or, you get enough funding to build something a bigger company wants to buy, and they acquire you. Or, you do so well that, after many rounds of funding, you decide to go public.

Why Companies Go Public?

There are two basic reasons. Technically an IPO is just another way to raise money, but this time from millions of regular people. Through an IPO a company can sell stocks on the stock market and anyone can buy them. Since anyone can buy you can likely sell a lot of stock right away rather than go to individual investors and ask them to invest. So it sounds like an easier way to get money.
There is another reason to IPO. All those people who have invested in your company so far, including you, are holding the so-called ‘restricted stock’ – basically this is stock that you can’t simply go and sell for cash. Why? Because this is stock of a company that has not been so-to-say “verified by the government,” which is what the IPO process does. Unless the government sees your IPO paperwork, you might as well be selling snake oil, for all people know. So, the government thinks it is not safe to let regular people to invest in such companies. (Of course, that automatically precludes the poor from making high-return investments. But that is another story.) The people who have invested so far want to finally convert or sell their restricted stock and get cash or unrestricted stock, which is almost as good as cash. This is a liquidity event – when what you have becomes easily convertible into cash.
There is another group of people that really want you to IPO. The investment bankers, like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, to name the most famous ones. They will give you a call and ask to be your lead underwriter – the bank that prepares your IPO paperwork and calls up wealthy clients to sell them your stock.  Why are the bankers so eager? Because they get 7% of all the money you raise in the IPO. In this infographic your startup raised $235,000,000 in the IPO – 7% of that is about $16.5 million (for two or three weeks of work for a team of 12 bankers). As you see, it is a win-win for all.

Being an Early Employee at a Startup

Last but not least, some of your “sweat equity” investors were the early employees who took stock in exchange for working at low salaries and living with the risk that your startup might fold. At the IPO it is their cash-out day.
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Saturday, 14 September 2013

10 inspirational Richard Branson quotes (part three)

If you're an avid reader of Richard Branson's blog, you'll know he often shares inspirational insights on business, conservation, entrepreneurship, challenges - and just about every other subject you can think of.
Somethings this advice comes in long form. But every now and then, the Virgin Founder's tips come in condensed packages - perfect for sharing in beautiful photos like the ones below.
Well, after our first look at his inspirational insights, we brought you 10 more inspirational Richard Branson quotes. Now it is time for part three. So sit back, soak in Branson's suggestions, and let us know your favourite.










By . Content Manager. Tweets @greglrose and blogs at greglrose.com

Thursday, 12 September 2013

Infographic: when should an entrepreneur give up?

At what point should an entrepreneur take no for an answer? When is the right time to call it a day? According to this latest infographic from Funders and Founders determination is the key.
It took Thomas Edison 10,000 failed attempts to create the first successful electric light bulb, while James Dyson had 5,126 attempts at making the perfect vacuum cleaner. Take a closer look and you might also spot an appearance from our very own Richard Branson.
Want to hear more on the subject? Head over to the Funders and Founders website, where you can listen to a podcast on ‘how many times should you try?’.

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